안락사 존엄사에 대한 의학적 접근

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*한글97

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course in the terminal phase of sickness."
2. The WMA Statement on Physician-Assisted Suicide, adopted by the 44th World Medical Assembly, Marbella, Spain, September 1992, states:
"Physician-assisted suicide, like euthanasia, is unethical and must be condemned by the medical profession. Where the assistance of the physician is intentionally and deliberately directed at enabling an individual to end his or her own life, the physician acts unethically. However the right to decline medical treatment is a basic right of the patient and the physician does not act unethically even if respecting such a wish results in the death of the patient."
3. The World Medical Association has noted that the practice of active euthanasia with physician assistance, has been adopted into law in the Netherlands.
4. BE IT RESOLVED that:
4.1 The World Medical Association reaffirms its strong belief that euthanasia is in conflict with basic ethical principles of medical practice, and
4.2 The World Medical Association strongly encourages all physicians to refrain from participating in euthanasia, even if national law allows it.
부록 3.
Code of Medical Ethics (AMA. 2000. 12.) http://www.ama-assn.org
E-2.035 Futile Care.
Physicians are not ethically obligated to deliver care that, in their best professional judgment, will not have a reasonable chance of benefiting their patients. Patients should not be given treatments simply because they demand them. Denial of treatment should be justified by reliance on openly stated ethical principles and acceptable standards of care, as defined in Opinions 2.03 and 2.095, not on the concept of "futility," which cannot be meaningfully defined.
E-2.21 Euthanasia.
Euthanasia is the administration of a lethal agent by another person to a patient for the purpose of relieving the patient's intolerable and incurable suffering.
It is understandable, though tragic, that some patients in extreme duress--such as those suffering from a terminal, painful, debilitating illness--may come to decide that death is preferable to life. However, permitting physicians to engage in euthanasia would ultimately cause more harm than good. Euthanasia is fundamentally incompatible with the physician's role as healer, would be difficult or impossible to control, and would pose serious societal risks.
The involvement of physicians in euthanasia heightens the significance of its ethical prohibition. The physician who performs euthanasia assumes unique responsibility for the act of ending the patient's life. Euthanasia could also readily be extended to incompetent patients and other vulnerable populations.
Instead of engaging in euthanasia, physicians must aggressively respond to the needs of patients at the end of life. Patients should not be abandoned once it is determined that cure is impossible. Patients near the end of life must continue to receive emotional support, comfort care, adequate pain control, respect for patient autonomy, and good communication.
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