An Introduction to Language Chapter 4 Syntax 요약

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An Introduction to Language Chapter 4 Syntax 요약에 대한 보고서 자료입니다.

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e verb, find, requires an NP complement(direct object), but sleep is an intransitive verb; it cannot take an NP complement.
→ C selection (subcategorization, C stands for categorical)
The information about the complement types selected by particular verbs and other lexical item is called C-Selection.
→ S - selection (S for semantic)
Verbs also include in their lexical entry a specification of certain intrinsic semantic properties of their subjects and complements, just as they select syntactic categories.
What Heads The Sentence
→ Auxiliary verbs belong to the category Aux, which also includes the modals.
S
NP VP
The boy Aux VP
is eating
may eat
has eaten
→ To have a uniform notation, many linguists use the symbol T(=tense) and TP(= tense phrase) instead of Aux and S. Furthermore, just as the NP required the intermediate N-bar (N') category, the TP also has the intermediate T-bar(T') category.
TP
NP T'
T VP
be
have
Modal
→ Many linguists assume that all XPs (i.e., NPs, PPs, VPs, TPs, AdjePs) can be broken down into three levels. This is referred to as X-bar theory.
XP
specifier X'
X(head) complement
→ The schema says that an XP consists of a specifier, which is basically a modifier, and an X'
VP → Aux VP
VP
Aux VP
Aux VP
Aux VP
→ In sentences without auxiliaries, the tense of the sentence is its head Instead of having a word under the category Aux (or T), there is a tense specification, present or past, as in the following tree.
S
NP VP
Sam Aux VP
past kicked the ball

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언어학개론,   영어학개론,   syntax,   통사론,   An Introduction to Language,   Chapter4