제 12 장 부정사(Infinitive)

목차

1. 부정사의 용법

2. 부정사의 의미상의 주어

3. 원형부정사의 용법

4. 부정사의 관용적 용법

5. 부정사의 시제

6. 부정사의 주의할 용법

본문내용

.
= It was so lovely (a day) that he went out.
2) He is rich that he can buy the book.
= He is so rich as to buy the book.
= He is rich enough to buy the book.
3) The problem is so easy that he can solve it.
= The problem is easy enough for him to solve.
4) He is so young that he can not read the book.
= He is too young to read the book.
5) This box is so heavy that I can not lift it.
= This box is too heavy for me to lift.
5. 부정사의 시제
단순부정사인 경우, 부정사의 시제는 술어동사의 시제와 같은 시제를 나타낸다.
ex 1) I believe him to be honest. = I believe that he is honest.
2) She seems to be rich. = It seems that she is rich.
3) She seemed to be rich. = It seemed that she was rich.
4) I have something to do today.
= I have something that I must do today.
　 미래의 의미가 있는 동사(hope, wish, want, expect)다음에 오는 부정사의
시제는 미래를 나타낸다.
ex 1) I expect you to pass the examination.
= I expect that you will pass the examination.
2) I wish him to succeed. = I wish that he will succeed.
　 부정사의 시제 보충
1. 단순부정사 완료부정사
형태 : 단순부정사 to + 동사원형 - 본문의 시제와 일치함.
완료부정사 to + have + p.p - 본문의 시제보다 하나 더 과거시제.
ex 1) He seems to be ill.
= It seems that he is ill.
2) He seemed to be ill.
= It seemed that he was ill.
3) He seems to have been ill.
= It seems that he has been[was] ill.
4) He seemed to have been ill.
= It seemed that he had been ill.
2. 미래부정사
미래동사(want, hope, wish, intend, expect, remember, forget, be likely,
be sure) 다음에 오는 부정사는 미래의 시제를 나타낸다.
ex 1) I hope to learn English.
= I hope that I will learn English.
2) I hope to learn English.
= I hoped that I would learn English.
3) He expects to succeed.
= He expects that he will succeed.
4) He is likely to resign.
= It is likely that he will resign.
3. 과거에 이루지 못한 소망
주어 + 미래동사의 과거형 + 완료부정사
had + 미래동사의 p.p + 단순부정사
ex 1) I hoped to see her yesterday.
= I hoped that I would see her yesterday.
만났는지 안 만났는지 결과에 대한 언급이 없음.
2) I hoped to have seen her yesterday.
= I had hoped to see her yesterday.
= I hoped to see her yesterday, but I couldn't.
= I had hoped to have seen her yesterday. ( )
만나기를 희망했으나 만나지 못함. 결과에 대한 언급이 있음.
6. 부정사의 주의할 용법
(1) 부정사의 부정- 부정사 바로 앞에 not 또는 never를 둔다.
ex 1) He told us not to go to the movies.
　 보충예문
ex 1) He did not try to smile. (웃으려고 하지 않았다)
He tried not to smile. (웃지 않으려고 했다)
2) He careful not to catch cold.
3) I make it a rule never to eat between meals.
(2) 대부정사(代不定詞)- 부정사의 반복을 피하기 위해 to만 쓴다.
ex 1) You may do so if you want to (do so).
　 보충예문
ex 1) A: Will you be back by seven?
B: I will try to (be back by seven).
2) She would not let him kiss her, when he offered to (kiss her)
(3) 독립부정사- 문장 전체를 수식한다.
ex 1) To tell the truth, I can hardly understand what you say.
2) To be sure, she is very charming.
3) To begin with, he is too young.(우선)
　 분리부정사
: 부사가 부정사를 수식한다는 것을 분명히 하기 위해 to + 부사 + 동사원형의
형태로서 부정사가 부사에 의해 분리된 부정사라는 의미이다.
ex 1) He prepared silently to accompany her. (조용히 준비했다)
He prepared to silently accompany her. (조용히 따라 간다 - 분리부정사)
2) He failed to entirely understand it. (약간 이해함)
He failed entirely to understand it. (전혀 이해하지 못함)

키워드

부정사,   원형부정사,   명사적 용법,   목적어,   주어자리,   타동사