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A movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that marked the reaction in literature, philosophy, art, religion, and politics from the Neoclassicism and formal orthodoxy of the preceding period. The aspect most stressed in France is reflected in Victor Hugor’s phrase “liberalism in literature,” meaning especially the freeing of the artist and writer from restraints and rules and suggesting that phase of individualism marked by the encouragement of revolutionary political ideas. Walter Pater thought the addition of strangeness to beauty (the neoclassicists having insisted on order in beauty) constituted the romantic temper. An interesting schematic explanation calls romanticism the predominance of Imagination over reason and formal rules (classicism) and over the sense of fact or the actual (realism),
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