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s bigger surface area so the friction is also larger. In this way we can interpret the Bernoulli's equation and head loss equation intuitively. On the other hand the head loss is less affected by the friction factor than other factors in condition of sudden expansion and contraction or other valves
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pipe contraction and expansion
Q(㎥/h)
Q(㎥/s)
h12( 10-2m)
k
kth
h23( 10-2m)
k
kth
3.5
3.5
66
0.554
0.4
13
0.11
0.7
3.0
3.0
64.5
0.737
0.4
12
0.137
0.7
2.5
2.5
56
0.922
0.4
10
0.165
0.7
2.0
2.0
48
1.23
0.4
7
0.18
0.7
Table 8 Loss for pipe accessory
구 분
Tee
Elbow
Q(㎥/h)
Q(㎥/s)
h12( 10-2m)
k
kth
h
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