‘더 가까이,그러나 의무구속 없는 협력’ -초국가적 유럽통합에 대한 영국

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 유럽 협력에 대한 영국의 ‘기능주의적 접근법(functional approach)’

Ⅲ. 유럽 정치군사통합과 ‘이든 계획(Eden Plan)’

Ⅳ. 유럽 경제통합과 ‘위대한 계획(Grand Design)’ 및 ‘유럽자유무역지대 계획
(Plan G)’

Ⅴ. 결론

본문내용

C and Euratom. However, Great Britain led inter-governmental European organizations; for example, the Organization of European Economic Cooperation, the Western Union and the NATO. Furthermore, the British government did not want to remain indifferent to the continental supranational integration, but made much effort not to lose their influence on its development.
After the Second World War the Labour government laid down 'the three circles'-foreign policy. In 1951, when the Conservative party took control of the government, Premier Minister Churchill accepted this foreign policy, officially declaring that "our first object is the unity and the consolidation of the British Commonwealth. Our second, the fraternal association of the Englishspeaking world; and third, United Europe, to which we are a separate closely and specially-related ally and friend." On the 'three circles' the Whitehall developed British European policy according to the stages of European integration. Great Britain pursued the 'functional approach' which David Mitrany basically had developed already in 1943. According to this approach, international cooperation should be realized in 'functional' context: "binding together ... those interests which are common, where they are common, and to the extent ... they are common." In this approach a supranational authority is not essential, but only an authority to coordinate various functions from various countries is needed. The British parliamentarians who were members of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg took the functional approach in the debate for the reform of the Council of Europe which began in 1949. The 'Eden Plan' was a counter-measure to the project of the EPC in 1952-53, the 'Grand Design' and 'the Plan G' were counter-measures to the project of the EEC in 1956. They were designed to create inter-governmental European organization which could contain supranational communities in themselves, so that London might be in a position to control the development of the continental supranational integration without permanent commitment, i.e. without transferring its sovereignty to the community.
But these plans were unsuccessful. The continental supranational integration ran so well that the EEC came into being and could succeed in the future without Great Britain. What was the reason for the failure of the British European policy? Firstly, London failed to recognize the driving force of supranational integration in the 'first Six-countries', especially in France and West Germany, and the influence of the USA which rendered strong support to European supranational integration. Secondly, the British politicians and high civil servants who were responsible for British European policy still had the outdated conviction that Great Britain was strong enough to fulfill the traditional policy on Europe, the balance of power, i.e. to control European supranational integration without permanent commitment.

키워드

초국가,   유럽,   통합