Thomas Stearns Eliot / The Waste Land

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night of the tomb, you who have consoled me,
Give me back Pausilippe and the sea of Italy,
The flower who so much pleased my grieving heart,
And the trellis where the vine has joined the rose.
Am I Love or Phebus? ... Lusignan or Biron?
My forehead is still red from the queen's kiss;
I have dreamed in the grotto where the siren swims ...
And I have twice crossed the Acheron triumphant:
Playing by turns on the lyre of Orpheus
The sighs of the saint and the fairy's cries.
See Gerard de Nerval, Oeuvres, ed. Albert Richer (Gallimard, 1952): I, 29 (PR 2260 G36A6 1952 Robarts Library).
432] V. Kyd's Spanish Tragedy. [Eliot's note]
"Why then Ile [I'll] fit [supply] you [with what you need]" is spoken by Hieronimo in Thomas Kyd's Elizabethan revenge tragedy, The Spanish Tragedy, one of the forerunners of Shakespeare's Hamlet. Hieronimo's son Horatio is murdered by the brother and would-be lover of the woman with whom he was carrying on an illicit love affair. Like Hamlet, Hieronimo suffers in his grief from moments of seeming insanity as he tries to find out the identity of these murderers. When he at last determines who they are, and when the guilty ask him to prepare a court entertainment in which all of them will act, Hieronimo sees an opportunity to enact his revenge:
Why then I'll fit you, say no more.
When I was young, I gave my mind
And plied myself to fruitless poetry:
Which though it profit the professor naught,
Yet is it passing pleasing to the world. (IV.1.70-74)
By echoing this passage, Eliot (as before in the allusion to Pervigilium) contrasts the world's content and his own unhappiness.
Hieronimo's play-within-a-play is also a tragedy. It concerns a prince who kills a husband to get his wife but who is foiled when she murders him in turn and suicides. Hieronimo ensures that the players will all die in their parts. Like Eliot, Hieronimo writes his tragic ending in many languages and instructs his players as follows:
Each one of us must act his part
In unknown languages,
That it may breed the more variety,
As you, my lord, in Latin, I in Greek,
You in Italian, and for because I know
That Bel-imperia [Horatio's beloved] hath practised the French,
In courtly French shall all her phrases be. (172-78)
When one of the characters objects that the play will then be "a mere confusion" (180), Hieronimo replies that "the conclusion / Shall prove the invention and allwas good" (182-83). Eliot may have intended to apply this passage in anticipating critical response to his own work.
Hieronymo's mad againe: the subtitle of the 1615 quarto of The Spanish Tragedy is "Hieronymo is Mad Againe."
434] Shantih. Repeated as here, a formal
ending to an Upanishad. "The Peace which
passeth understanding" is a feeble translation
of the content of this word. [Eliot's note]
Eliot refers here to Paul's words: "And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Jesus Christ" (Philippians 4:7).