인체의신비11

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failure
Journal: J Clin Invest 81:82-86, 1988
Publication Date: 1988 Jan
Author(s): Edwards BS, Ackermann DM, Lee ME, Reeder GS, Wold LE, Burnett JC Jr
Abstract: In normal mammals, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is present within atrial myocardial cells but is absent from ventricular myocardium. In primitive organisms ANF is present within both atria and ventricle, suggesting that the ventricle may participate both in the synthesis and release of the hormone. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that ventricular ANF develops as a homeostatic response to intravascular volume overload. Studies were performed on cardiac tissue obtained from (i) normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters, (ii) autopsied humans with and without cardiac disease, and (iii) living humans with congestive heart failure (CHF) undergoing diagnostic right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. The myocardium was examined for the presence of immunoreactive ANF using a two-stage immunohistochemical technique, with nonimmune rabbit sera used as a negative control. There was unequivocal evidence of focal subendocardial deposits of immunoreactive ANF present in both of the ventricles of all six cardiomyopathic hamsters, four of five autopsied human subjects with CHF, and five of seven biopsied humans. No immunoreactive ANF was observed within the ventricular myocardium of control hamsters or normal humans. Utilizing crude tissue homogenates and radioimmunoassay techniques, the quantity of ANF was determined in cardiac atria, ventricles, and noncardiac skeletal muscle. Heart failure is characterized by a reduction in atrial ANF and an increase in ventricular ANF. This study demonstrates immunoreactive ANF is present within the ventricular myocardium in cardiomyopathic hamsters and humans with CHF, and suggests that the ventricle may be capable of responding to chronic volume overload by producing ANF.
Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
UI: 88087914
Title: Dietary guidelines for healthy American adults. A statement for physicians and health professionals by the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association
Journal: Circulation 77:721A-724A, 1988
Publication Date: 1988 Mar
Abstract: This statement for physicians replaces the American Heart Association's Dietary Guidelines for Healthy American Adults, published in 1986. The current guidelines propose an optimal preventive diet for coronary heart disease. Emphasis is placed on reduction of both saturated fat and total fat. Complex carbohydrates are recommended as the major replacement for calories from fat. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats partially replace calories from other fat sources. Cholesterol and sodium guidelines are expressed with an upper limit on each. The use of alcohol as a possible means of preventing cardiovascular disease is not advised. Maintenance of recommended body weight by calorie control and physical activity is emphasized.
UI: 88136065

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