19세기말 영국 사회주의 진영의 민주주의관

목차

1. 머리말

2. 독립노동당과 여성참정권: 형식적 민주주의

3. 사회민주연맹과 직접민주주의

4. 블래츠퍼드와 당내 민주주의

5. 맺음말

본문내용

ople. However, they had distinct concepts of democracy one another, just as there are lots of definitions about democracy nowadays. It resulted in their confrontation and spilt.
Hardie was the champion for the universal suffrage ― women's suffrage especially. In spite of opposition in the ILP, his belief in social equality of all human-being made him stick to his view of women's suffrage. If everyone had equal political rights regardless of income, intelligence and sex, he argued, he or she could gradually be aware of the importance of political rights for economic emancipation and socialism. What needed were experience of people and the political party which would truly advocate the interest of working class. In short, Hardie's emphasis on democracy was embodied as the achievement of women's suffrage and the abolition of plural vote, which was close relations with his 'Labour Alliance'.
Contrarily, there were socialists who denied the existing parliamentary systems and claimed direct democracy. A. Thompson of the Clarion and SDF wanted the sovereignty of the people and self-government with the introduction of Referendum and Initiative, ensuring the power of electors over the elected and the most direct participation possible by the people in decision-making.
On the other hand, Blatchford believed in direct democracy but he admitted the inevitability of representative government. Actually he took important part in the founding of ILP. But he had different view on politics and democracy with Hardie. Blatchford placed great emphasis on the will of not of leaders but of people. In his view, democracy means that people shall manage their own affairs, and that their officials shall be public servants, or delegates deputed to put the will of the people into execution. But for this, he argued that democracy was impossible and socialism undesirable. His ideas on democracy was presented through the 'Manchester Fourth Clause' which required members to abstain in all circumstances from voting non-socialist candidates.
In conclusion, British socialists had a firm belief in democracy. Contrary to the B. Moor's thesis that no democracy without bourgeois, they made it trustworthy that the working class was the motive force for democracy. With the close relation with the political strategies, however, the different ideas on democracy show that they also had different attitude of people. Hyndman didn't trust people, and direct democracy could be installed after the inevitable collapse of capitalism. Blatchford placed his chief mission on instructing people and making socialists, for which democracy was major mean. But making socialists was unsuccessfully tried in spite of his endeavour, and his elitistic attitude made him distrust people. For Hardie, democracy was just mean for equal political rights which were basic elements in gradual process for socialism. Above all, the different ideas on democracy were another reasons of their clash and confrontation.

키워드

19세기말,   영국,   사회주의,   민주주의관