스키너 행동주의 사상의 철학적 문제점

목차

I. 들어가는 말

II. 인간의 자유와 통제

III. 사회의 계획과 행복

IV. 과학과 가치

V. 매듭말

참고문헌

본문내용

53), Science and human behavior, New York: Macmillan,.
Skinner, B. F.(1948), Walden Two, New York: Macmillan,.
"Skinner's utopia: panacea, or path to hell?" Time, Sept. 20, 1971, pp. 47-53.
Stevevick, Daniel B.(1968), B. F. Skinner's Walden Two, New York: Seabury Press.
Strike, Kenneth A.(1975), "On 'Beyond freedom and dignity' by B. F. Skinner," Studies in Philosophy and Education, Vol. 9, Nos. 1 & 2, Summer, pp. 112-136.
Viteles, Morris S.(1955), "The new utopia," Science, Vol. 122, No. 3181, 16 December, pp. 1167-1171.
Weigel, John A.(1977), B. F. Skinner, Boston: Twayne.
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Some Philosophical Difficulties
in B. S. Skinner's Behavioristic Thoughts
Ill-Jo Han
B. F. Skinner has been a great influential figure in the 20th century intellectual history. He was not only an experimental psychologist who devoted his entire life to elaborate a theory of learning known as behaviorism, but also a prominent protagonist of the newly emerged technology of human engineering, which mainly appealed to the method of behavioral control. However, the purpose of present study was not to analyze his 'scientific' theory in psychology, but to examine his systematic thoughts on man, society, and values. Despite their seeming appearance of descriptiveness, his ideas on man, ideal society, and criterion of value clarifications are mainly based on his own speculation, without much support from his psychology. Some of philosophical difficulties found in his ideas are as following.
Although Skinner strongly recommended abandoning the conventional concept of man as a free and autonomous being to make a more efficient technology of human engineering much more readily applicable, his recommendation does not seem to provide any preferable supportive reasons for that, leaving the impression that his ideas of man is also only another way of seeing human nature. Even a reverse kind of naturalistic fallacy seemed to be involved in his suggestion that man should be controlled because he has been and is controlled anyway.
In regard to Skinner's ideas on planning and building of an ideal society like Walden Two, it can be asked whether man can be happy without being free to choose, even free to choose pain and displeasure. Another problem is who to control and whom to be controlled in that society. And as a practical mater, how talented people's ingenuity is rewarded in such an all equal and all sharing community needs to be reckoned.
Although Skinner had a great faith in the power of science and its method of experiment, values cannot be justified in science alone. As Carl Rogers suggested, the matter of taking a criterion in judging values is the matter of personal choice, which must be done prior to the beginning of a specific scientific endeavor. Science alone cannot make values valuable.
Finally, it can be said that there involved a strong tendency of pragmatism throughout his theorization of man, society, and values.

키워드

스키너,   행동주의,   철학적,   인간,   자유